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Evolution Korea Korean scientists aren't taking chances when it comes to the fight over evolution. The Society for Textbook Revise (STR) has been fighting to have Archaeopteryx and horses taken out of textbooks, saying they are common symbols of evolutionism. Confucian traditions with their emphasis on the importance of success in the world and high importance of learning continue to dominate the culture of the country. But Korea is searching for the new model of development. Origins The growth of Iron Age cultures brought more sophisticated states to the Korean Peninsula, such as Goguryeo and Baekje. All of them created a distinct style of culture that was influenced from their powerful neighbors. They also adopted elements of Chinese culture including Confucianism, Buddhism and shamanism. Goguryeo, the first of the Korean kingdoms was the first to impose their own form of government. It instituted a king-centered system of government in the 2nd century. Through a series of wars, it eliminated those who were loyal to the Han dynasty from the north of the peninsula. It expanded its territory into Manchuria too. It was during this period that a regional confederation was formed known as Buyeo. In the Samguk yusa of the 13th century Wang Geon's name was listed as the king. Buyeo was changed to Goryeo and, consequently, the name Korea. Goryeo was a thriving commercial state and a centre of learning. Its people cultivated crops and raised livestock like goats and sheep and they created furs out of them too. They performed masked dance-dramas like tallori and sandaenori. And they held an annual festival in December called Yeonggo. Goryeo’s economy was boosted through brisk trade, including with the Song Dynasty of China. Traders from Central Asia, Arabia, Southeast Asia and Japan came to Byeongnando which was the entrance to Gaeseong's capital city. Gaeseong. Silk and medicinal herbs were among the goods they brought. Around 8,000 BCE, the Koreans began to establish permanent settlements and began cultivating cereal crops. They also invented pottery and polished stone tools and started organising themselves into clan societies. The Neolithic Age lasted until the 12th century BC. At the time, Gija, a Shang dynasty prince from China, is said to have introduced high-culture to Korea. In the 20th century, many Koreans believed that Dangun and Gija gave Korea its people and their culture as well as their culture. Functions Korea's old development model, which emphasized the role of capital accumulation by the state and government intervention in industry and business, aided in rapid economic growth, which took it from one of the world's poorest economies to the ranks of OECD countries within three decades. This system was fraught with moral hazards and outright corruption. It was therefore unsustainable in an economy that is characterised by trade liberalization, and democratic change. The current crisis has exposed the weaknesses of the previous paradigm, and it is likely that an alternative model will emerge in its place. Chapters 3 and 4 look at the roots of Korea's government-business risk partnership, and show how the emergence of economic actors who have an interest in the preservation of the system impeded it from making fundamental changes. By focusing on corporate governance and financial resource allocation the chapters provide an in-depth examination of the underlying causes of the crisis, and point to ways of moving forward with reforms. Chapter 5 examines the possible avenues for Korea's post-crisis paradigm of development, exploring both the legacies of the past as well as the new trends triggered by the IT revolution. It also explores the implications of these developments for Korea's political and social structures. The main conclusion is that there are several emerging trends that are altering the nature of power and will decide the future of the country. Despite the fact that participation in politics in Korea is still extremely limited, new forms are emerging that bypass political parties and challenge them, thereby changing the system of democracy in Korea. Another important fact is that the power and influence of the Korean elite has diminished. A large portion of society feels disengaged from the ruling class. This indicates the need for more civic involvement and education as well as new models of power sharing. The chapter concludes by stating that the success of Korea's new development paradigm will be determined by how well these trends can be integrated and the willingness of people to make difficult choices. Benefits South Korea has the ninth largest economy in the world, and the sixth fastest-growing. This Internet page has an expanding middle class and an extensive R&D infrastructure that drives innovation. The government has recently increased its investments in infrastructure projects, to support economic growth and encourage social equity. In 2008, Lee Myung Bak's administration released five indicators as an attempt to establish an economic system that was focused on changes and practicality. It made efforts to streamline government operations, privatize public corporations equipped with higher efficiency, and also to reform administrative regulations. Since the closing of the Cold War, South Korea has been pursuing a policy of economic integration with the rest of the region as well as beyond. Exports of advanced manufacturing technologies and high-tech consumer electronics have become an important source of income. Additionally, the government has been pushing the Saemaeul Undong (New Community Movement) initiative, which is transforming the nation from a rural society into one focused on manufacturing. The country enjoys a high quality of life and provides numerous benefits to its employees, including maternity leave and job stability. Employers are also required to sign up for to accident insurance, which provides the cost of workplace-related illnesses or injuries. It is also a common practice for companies provide private medical insurance to cover ailments that are not covered by National Health Insurance. As a result, South Korea has been seen as a model of prosperity for many emerging countries around the world. The global financial crisis of 1997 which swept through Asia has challenged this perception. The crisis challenged the notion about Asia's miracle economies, and led to a fundamental reappraisal of the role of the state in regulating risky private economic activities. In the wake of this shift the Korean future isn't clear. On the one side, a new era of leaders has adopted the image of an “strong” leader and has begun to experiment with market-oriented policies. A strong power base in the domestic arena makes it difficult to implement any major change. Disadvantages The reemergence and resurgence of creationists is a major hurdle to Korean science's efforts to inform people about evolution. The majority of Koreans are in favor of teaching students about evolution however, a small section headed by Bun-Sam Lim (the head of the Society for Textbook Revise, STR) is insisting on the removal of evolution from textbooks. STR argues teaching evolution promotes an “materialist atheism” and portrays a “unhopeful worldview” for students. This can cause students to lose faith in humanity. The causes of anti-evolutionist sentiments are complex and diverse. Some researchers suggest that it is due to religious belief, while others point to an increasing prevalence of anti-intellectualism, which has been exacerbated by growing political elite fragmentation along ideologies, regions, class, and gender. Additionally, the one-sided populism of the government, supported by powerful conservative business interests and think tanks, aggravates public distrust of the scientific community. The wide-ranging weaknesses identified in this study highlight the urgent need for targeted policy interventions to preemptively minimize them. As Seoul continues to pursue its goal of becoming a more cohesive urban landscape, these findings provide a basis for a unified push for greater inclusivity in its policies. In the case of the COVID-19 pandemic, identifying the most vulnerable areas and their inhabitants is essential for crafting detailed compassionate policy measures to improve their safety and welfare. For example, the disproportionate impact of the disease on Jjokbangs reflects socio-economic disparities that can compound vulnerability to natural and human-made catastrophes. To overcome this, South Korea needs a more inclusive civil society that brings all communities together to tackle the most pressing issues facing the city. This requires a fundamental shift in the structure of institutional politics, starting with the power of the president. The Blue House can mobilize a large bureaucracy, and also use the Supreme Prosecutor's Office, and the intelligence bureau to exert influence on the political scene. These agencies are not subject to oversight by the parliamentary bodies or independent inspection agents. This gives the president tremendous leverage to impose his or her views on the rest of the country. This is a recipe for the emergence of partisanship, which can result in stagnation and polarization in the country.